Gujjar Bakarwals belonged to Jammu Kashmir. They were herders of sheep and goat. In winter, they lived in the low hills of Shiwalik range Gaddi shepherds belonged to Himachal Pradesh. During winter ,they stayed in the low hills of Shiwalik range By April, they moved north and spent the summer in Lahul and Spitti. In garhwal and kumaon, the gujjar cattle herders came down to the dry forests of bhabhar in the winter and went up to the high meadows, the bugyals in summer. Dhangars were an important pastoral community of Madhya Pradesh The gollas, kuribas and kurumas were important pastoral communities of the dry central plateau of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Raikas lived in the deserts of Rajasthan. Before partition in 1947, they used to migrate to Sindh and grazed their animals on the banks of indus. Maru Raikas herded camel. Another group of Raikas reared sheep and goat. The British believed all grazing lands as wastelands. From the mid nineteenth century, British enacted wastelan